Internal grinder and polisher



June 1, 1948. H. H. TALBOYS 2,442,624

INTERNAL GRINDER AND.POLISHER Original Filed Aug. 6, 194:5 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 1, 1948. H. H. TALBOYS INTERNAL GRINDER AND POLISHER Original Filed. Aug. 6, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 i I. w f

June 1, 1948. H. H. TALBOYS 2,442,624

INTERNAL GRINDER AND POLISHER Original Filed Aug. 6, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 1, 1948. H. H. TALBOYS- INTERNAL GRINDER AND POLISHER Original Filed Aug. 6, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I 5 M w 5 H 0 ,P 5 I- n w; I I l n h w ml :70 F|| MW 8 w 7 a l W 5, .6 3 5 1 W 5, my w MN u 4 w L E w 4. pr W/ n 4 w h 7 H u 2 :6 5 r La 5 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 H. H. TALBOYS INTERNAL GRINDER AND POLISHER a ma Am 6 a y? r 3 0.. 1% Nu June 1, 1948.

Original Filed Aug. 6, 1943 Patented June 1, 1948 INTERNAL GRINDER AND POLISHER Henry H. Talboys, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to Nordberg Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Substituted for application Serial No. 497,585, August 6, 1943. This application July 20, 1944,

Serial No. 545,786

17 Claims.

This invention relates to an improvement in means for finishing the interior of cylindrical members. One purpose of the invention is the provision of an interior finisher which is effected to smooth an inner cylindrical surface.

Another purpose of the invention is the provision of means for truing such surface and rendering it of uniform diameter.

Another purpose is the provision of an improved means for delivering cooling liquid to such a finisher;

Another purpose is the provision of an improved rotary working tool or head for smoothing an inner cylindrical surface in which the individual working member or members of such head are centrifugally urged against the work in response to the rotation of the head.

Another purpose is to provide an improved working or grinding element for such a head.

Another purpose is to provide means for varying or controlling and adjusting the centrifugal thrust.

Other objects will appear from time to time throughout the specification and claims.

The present application is a substitute for abandoned application Serial No. 497,585. The present application is also a continuation-in-part of copending applications Serial No. 473,464, filed January 25, 1943, now Patent No. 2,419,665, dated April 23, 1947, and Serial No. 473,811, filed J anuary 28, 1943, now Patent No. 2,405,467, dated August 6, 1946.

My invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a side elevation with parts in section;

Figure 2 is a plan view;

Figure 3 is a section on an enlarged scale along the line 33 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a section along the line l4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a side elevation of an abrasive segment;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the structure shown in Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a plan view of the shoe employed in Figure 4;

Figure 8 is an axial section through form of head;

Figure 9 is a section along the line 9-9 of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a side elevation illustrating a variant type of support for the tool, 7

a variant Like parts are indicated by like characters throughout the specification and drawings.

It will be understood that the rotary tool herein described and claimed may be employed in connection with a variety of different structures. It may be mounted for bodily movement along the interior of a tube with a power plant moving with the tool. Such a structure is shown in Figure 10. In the form of Figures 1 to 9, I illustrate the head as applied to a fixed supporting structure, the head being rotated in relation to work which is moved axially in relation to the head.

Referring to Figures 1 and following, I indicates any suitable supporting structure upon which the device is mounted, here indicated as a floor. On the floor is illustrated any suitable base herein shown as including a pair of longitudinally extending I-beams 2, connected by a bottom plate 3, and end portions 4, whereby an open topped tank is provided. If necessary, any suitable transverse connectors 5, may be employed. The intermediate members may be provided with openings 6 for permitting liquid to flow therethrough. I generally indicates a support' upstanding from the base members 2. It may include end supports 8, and side plates 9, the side plates being broken away as at Ill. Mounted in any suitable manner on this upstanding support 1, for example welded thereto, is a tubular member II. It will be understood that the longitudinal extension of the member I is suficient so that the tube ll, although as shown in Figure 1 extends laterally a substantial distance from the support I, is held with substantial rigidity.

Referring for example to Figure 3, the tube I l' is provided at each end with head rings I 2.

Mounted in the left hand head ring, referring to the parts as shown in the position shown in Figure 3, is a bearing assembly including a ring l3, a sleeve l4 shown as integral therewith and having a circumferential inwardly extending flange 15. A ball bearing assembly is generally indicated at IE, it being held in position, for example by the threaded plate or retainer IT. A suitable ball bearing assembly I8 is mounted within the right hand head ring l2, for example by means of a plate l9. An intermediate ball bearing assembly 29 Within a ring 2| may be adjusted for example by adjusting screws 22 passing through a ring, 23. The ends of the screws 22 are herein shown as being conic as at 24 and entering the corresponding groove 25 in the exterior of the ring 2 I. Within the three ball bearing assemblies l6, l8 and 20 rotates the shaft 26 herein shown as hollow. The shaft may be driven by any suitable pulley Mounted on the opposite end of the shaft from p the pulley 21 is a grinder or finishing assemblygenerally indicated as A. It includes a hub. 3t 10.

keyed on the shaft 26 and held by the retaining washer 32 and the screw 33'. The screw 33-=-pene-- trates a filler block 34 fixed in relation tothe shaft 26 and provided with a longitudinal bore 35 in communication with the hollow interior. of. '5

the shaft 26 and closed at its outer end;by the: plug 36. It will be understood that a fluid, for example, a cooling liquid may be admitted to the hollow interior of the shaft 26 through any suitable fitting 3'! in communication with any suitd ablesource of the liquid.

I illustrate for example-a tube 38 extending to a pumpdriven for example by a motor). The line 4| extends to the abovedescribed; tank within thebase-members- 2 and it will be understood that the-cooling, liquid may be recirculated from the-tank. Any'suitable meansmay-be employed, if desired, for filtering the liquidbut it will be understood that the tank serves as asettlin chamber.

In order to deliver the cooling liquid to the work. adjacent the operating point, there is' illustrated a' pair of generally radially extendingdelivery ducts in; communication with the bore 35, for example by passages. 46', communicating with a cored or bored'out aperture". 4'! in the hub 3.I.. Thev delivery. ends of the. passages 45: may be inclined as shown in Figure. 3 and are positioned in proper" relation to. the grinding segments below described.

49', 49' indicate a pair of hub disks pressed on or otherwise. secured to the-sleeve or. hub 3 I". Re.- ferring for. exampl'eto Figures. 3 and- 4', there are illustrated. a. plurality. of. radial arms. 50, four extending from eacll of; the. hub plates 49;, each supporting a ring. 5L. The rings 5.1 define be.- tween. them. a. space for. two. on more shoes or segment-holdersgenerally indicated at. 53;. The inward movement of. these. segment holders vtoward the. axis of the head islimitedby inwardly extending, flanges. 54' on. the opposite. rings, 5|. Eachsegmentholder includes an arcuate bottom plate 55 with a radially inwardly extending flange 56 and side; plates 5.1." terminating. in inwardly extending. flanges .58. Thefiange. 56 has pivoted. thereto.- a link-fiafthe'opposite. end of whichispivoted to-alever Gil-whichwith its.associated lever 81 forms, a.-bell.crank lever. structure piyotedat. fi2to the rings. 5]. Adjustableionthe lever El. is. a counterweight 63:. r M isv a spring extending from. the. outer. end of the: lever 61-- to the hub. plates 49,.where-if desired, itmaybe secured. to a pin 65 extending between the hub plates. At the forward end of theshoearezlugs to which are pivoteda link 61 pivoted-.inturn as-at,58 tothe rings 5|. It may be advantageous to. provide a counterweight 69 at the forwardend of. therlink 67. I0.- indicate removableabrasive or polishing. segments. which. are. provided with channels. 700. to. receive. flanges 5.8, of the shoe sides. 51.. The rear end of. the.- shoeis open to permit the insertionofithe segments 10. and. any suitable retaining .pl'ate H could be employed. It may, for. exampl'e, .be slipped intoslotsll in the flanges 58; The plate Tl may be locked in its there. are. employed a pair of tracks 80.

4 inward position for example by the pin '13 which passes through an aperture 74 in the shoe bottom plate 55.

It will be understood that what has been described is a rotary structure or head which rotates about a fixed axis and which is mounted at the end of the tube H, the tube H being of sufiicient length so that the work can be moved along and about the tube II with its inner surface in engagement-with the finishing head. In the main, the length of the work is preferably less than the lengthofthe' member ll so that the work maybe*operated upon from end to end by merely moving thework in relation to the rotary head A. In onderto move', guide and support the work, They are showrr. for: example in Figure 1 as circular bars.mounted on supports 8| upwardly extending from the side frame members 2. Mounted to ride on the rails is a carriage including end plates 82-, bottom members 83 and side plates 84. Downwardly extending from the bottom memhere 83'- are forks 85 in which are rotatably mounted rail engaging wheels 86 which may be provided with ball bearings. Intermediate supporting plates 820, may also .be provided for taking work of various size. As a matter of convenience, the plates 82 and 82a are shown as having semi-circular top edges 88. This may be a convenience where the work has a generally cylindrical exterior but in order to provide an accurate adjustment of the work in relation to the axis of" the head A, there are provided,ad-' justing blocks 89 herein shown as arrangedin' groups of three, on. each of the end. plates 82. These blocks may be adjusted radially by adjusting screws 90 passing through any suitable screw threaded abutments 9|; It is thus possible to center the work accurately so that the axis. of the inner aperture of the work is accurately aligned with the axis of rotation of the head A. In the event that the work has apertures in it as are shown for example at 93, in the work 4 generally indicated-as 92 inFigure 1, it may .be'

advantageous to. surrounding, the apertured portion of the work with any suitable. guard or shield.94 whereby the escape of the. cooling liquid is prevented, the liquid being caught by the shield. Similarly a lower shield 95 may be employed with. a bottom. drainage opening 95.

Any suitable means may be employed to actuate they work and the supporting carriage therefor, which do not of themselves. form part of. the present invention. I may, for example use. arack bar 98. Driving. means for the rack bar 98 may include, for example, any suitable reversing motor I08 and drive pulley I07, which by means of a belt drives any suitable driving mechanism for actuating the rack bar 98. H 5 is any suitable terminal stop which m-ay'have an adjustable member H6 engaging the end of the rack bar 98. H1 is any suitable stop member with an adjustable member l'l8.for the opposite end of the carriage excursion. Referringrto the form of Figures 8 and 9, there is illustrated a variant form of head in which cutting or grinding elements are mounted for centrifugal generally axial sliding movement. There is illustrated for example, a hollow hub I20 which is substantially the same as the hub shown in Figure 3. The details therefore will not be redescribed. Extending radially therefrom are channels. I21 which. may be held on the hub for example by pressed rings H2, I23. The structure as a whole is preferably welded together.

Supported at the outer ends of the channels, one at each side of the head are end cages formed of U-shaped members I24 with end plates I25; slidable within the channel formed by the U-shaped members I24, are abrasive or polishing elements I26 which may, if desired, be mounted in metal shells I21. In response to rotation of the head, the grinding members I26 move c-entrifugally outwardly against the work 92 as shown for example in Figure 9. The cooling liquid may be delivered from the interior of the hollow hub I20 by any suitable passages I28 which communicate with distribution pipes I28 which may be provided with slots or a plurality of apertures I36 which spray the liquid in front of the zone of engagement of the members I26 with the work.

Referring to Figure 10, I illustrate more or less schematically, a rotar head which may be identical with that shown in Figures 1 and following and particularly in Figures 3 to 7 inclusive. I mount it, however, on a moving motor unit which includes a supporting structure having endwise extending members I3I, I32, which carry wheels or rollers I4I to engage the interior of the work. Centering members I3 i support a motor I42. This entire motor structure may be propelled endwise by any suitable means, along the tubular work indicated at D. The working head is the same or substantially the same as shown in Figures 3 and 4 except for the omission of the structure for supplying a cooling fluid to the work. Cooling air may be circulated in any suitable manner through the work D. Note that the mo tor may also be employed to drive a fan M4 which may assist in maintaining a circulation of cooling air and which also provides a blast for blowing ground material out of the tube. It will be understood that any suitable means may be employed for propelling the above described selfcontained motor unit. I illustrate a propeller shaft I0'I with a rack I03 which may mesh with a driving pinion II 0 on any suitable shaft III which may be rotated by any suitable application of power not herein shown. The member B indicates an aligning and supporting housing aligned with the work D, and into which the unit may be withdrawn from the work.

It will be realized that whereas I have shown and described an operating device, still many changes might be made in the size, shape, arrangement, number and disposition of parts without departing materially from the spirit of my invention. I wish, therefore, that my showing be taken as in a large sense as diagrammatic, rather than limiting me to the precise details herein shown.

The use and operation of this invention are as follows:

I provide in the present invention an improved working head or tool for centrifugally grinding or finishing the interior of a tubular member. This head is particularly useful in the finishing of elongated cylindrical apertures. In the form of Figures 1 and following, I illustrate the head as employed with a structure which is moved in relation to the head. In the form of Figure 10, the head is moved in relation to the work. The head is applicable, for example, to finishing interiors of cylinders, preferably of large size or to large valve blocks or to tubular members and housing where a smooth inner surface is desired. When the work is moved in relation to the head or the head in relation to the work, the head is rotated at relatively high speed. This results in an outward centrifugal thrust of the segments I0 and of the shoes in which they are mounted. They are, however, permitted to adjust their position in relation to the inner face of the work. The thrust is sufiicient to smooth the surface of the work and, during relative movement of the work and the rotating head, the cylindrical surface of the work may be smoothed and to a substantial degree trued from end to end.

Note that the segments I0 and their supporting shoes are connected by intermediate links 6! to the rings SI, and the links 59 provide loose connections with the centers 62. Thus the subjection of the shoes and segments to centrifugal force, as a esult of the rotation of the head A causes a generally uniform thrust of all parts of the outer surface of the segments against the inner surface of the work.

It will be understood, of course, that the counterweights 63 are so manipulated that the centrifugal thrust of the segments "I0 will always necessitate the centrifugal outward thrust of the counterweights. In the use of .the device, it may operate, if desired, not merely as a polishing or finishing device but as a truing device. For example, if there are projections or unevennesses on the inner 'wall of the work, these unevennesses tend to be planed or ground down with considerable rapidity. Inertia prevents a sudden adaptation of the shoe I0, to local reductions in radius and thus inward projections or unevennesses tend to be planed or ground off. Experience indicates also that the interior of the work is ground down to a close approximation to a truly uniform diameter.

It will be understood that the counterweighting of the shoe 63 provides an automatic ad justment, since as the grinding material wears away, the heavy metal shoe advances further from the center of rotation and thereby increases its centrifugal weight. Also the counterweight retracts toward the center of rotation and thereby loses some of the centrifugal weight, thus compensating for loss of actual weight of grinding material.

It will be understood that I may employ the duct system herein shown including the ducts 45 to supply any suitable cooling fluid preferably, but not necessarily, in liquid form.

- In the form of Figure 10, no employment of a cooling liquid is provided. The head, however, so far as its centrifugal grinding, finishing or smoothing operation is concerned, operates just like the head as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

I claim:

1. In a finishing device for finishing the interior surface of a hollow generally cylindrical element, motor means, a rotor adapted to be p0sitioned within said hollow element, a driving connection between said rotor and the motor means, a surfacing element movably mounted on said rotor for centrifugal movement toward the interior surface in response to rotation of the rotor, and means for varying the centrifugal thrust of said surfacing element, including a counterweight responding to the rotation of the rotor, an actuating connection between the counterweight and the surfacing element, and means for varying the position of the counterweight.

2. In a finishing device for finishing the interior surface of a hollow generally cylindrical element, motor means, a rotor adapted to be positioned within said hollow element, a driving connection between said rotor and the motor means, a surfacing element movably mounted on said rotor for centrifugal movement toward.

aeaaoaa the interior surface in response to rotation of the rotor, and means for varying the centrifu' gal thrust of said surfacing element, including a bell crank lever pivoted on the rotor, a counterweight adjustably mounted on one arm of. the lever and an actuating connection between the other arm of the lever and the surfacingelement.

3. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a hub, a pair of axially spaced rings mounted on said hub, one or more shoes mounted between said rings for centrifugal movement toward the surface to be finished, a counterweight for each such shoe, movably mounted on the head, and an actuating connection between said counterweight and its associated shoe, and yielding means tending normally to urge said counterweight inwardly toward the axis of the head.

4. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a hub, a rotor structure extending outwardly from said hub, a shoe mounted on said rotor, a link pivoted to said rotor and said shoe, said link being located at the forward end of the shoe in relation to the direction of rotation of the rotor, a bell crank lever mounted on the rotor, a counterweight mounted on one arm of the bell crank lever and a pivotal actuating connection between one arm of the lever and the shoe.

5. In. a grinding element for rotary finishing heads for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shoe having a bottom wall and a pair of generally parallel side walls projecting upwardly along opposite edges of the bottom wall, inward projections adjacent the upper edges of said side walls, agrinding segment conforming generally to the space bounded by said walls and having parallel channels in the opposite walls thereof adapted to interlock with theinward projections at the tops of said side walls of the shoe andmeans for removably'locking said segment in position in the shoe, the upper or grinding surface of said segment conforming generally to the cylindrical interior surface to be ground.

6. In a finishing device for finishing interior surfaces, a rotary head and means for rotating it, a surface grinding element movably mounted on said head forcentrifugal outward movement toward the work in response to rotation of the head, and a simple link connection between one point on said element and the head and a compound link connection between another portion of said element and the head and a counterweight associated with said compound connection.

7. In a finishing device for finishing interior surfaces, a rotary head and means for rotating it, a surfacing element movably mounted on said head for centrifugal outward movement toward the work in response to rotation of the head, and a simple link connection between one point on said element andthe head and a compound link connection between another portion of said element and the head and a counterweight associated with said compound connection, said compound connection including a bell crank lever pivoted to the head with two arms of the bell crank lever extending from said pivot, said counterweight being mounted upon one said arm, the other said arm being connected to said surfacing element, said counterweight, when the head is rotated, being adapted to resist centrifugally the centrifugal movement of the surfacing element toward the work.

8. In. a finishing device for finishing interior surfaces, arotary head'and means forrotating it,

a surfacing element movably mounted on said head for centrifugal outward movement toward the work in response to rotation of the head, and a simple link connection between one point on said element and the head and a compound link connection between another portion of said element and the head and a counterweight associated with said compound connection, said counterweight, when the head is rotated, being adapted to resist centrifugally the centrifugal movement of the surfacing element toward the work, and means for varying the effective outward centrifugal thrust of said counterweight.

9. In a finishing device for finishing interior surfaces, a rotary head and means for rotatingit, a surfacing element movably mounted on said head for centrifugal outward movement toward the work in response to rotation of the head, centrifugal counterweight means adapted to reduce the effective centrifugal thrust of the surfacing element, including a counterweight mounted upon the head and a connection between the counterweight and the surfacing element, and an additional connection between the surfacing element and the rotary head.

10. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, an abrasive member mounted on said head structure for inward and outward movement thereon, and supporting and positioning means for said member including a bell crank lever pivoted" to the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm of said bell crank lever and a connection between the other arm of said bell crank lever and: the abrasive member,

11. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, an abrasive member mounted on said head structure for inward and. outward movement thereon, and supporting and positioning means for said member including a bell crank lever pivoted to the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm of said bell crank lever and a connection between the other arm of said bell crank lever and the abrasive member, said weight being adjustable toward and away from the center of rotation of said bell crank lever.

12. In a rotary finishing head for finishing generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, a finishin member mounted on said head structure for inward and outward movement thereon, and supporting and positioning means for said finishing member including a bell crank lever pivoted to the head structure for rotation about an axis parallel with the axis of the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm of the bell crank lever, a link connecting the other arm of the bell crank lever and the finishing member, and an additional link pivoted to another part of said finishing member and to the head structure;

13. In a rotary finishing head for finishing generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, a finishing member mounted on said head struc-' ture for inward and outward movement thereon,

and supportingand positioning means for said finishing member includinga bell crank l'ever pivoted to the head structure for rotation about an axis parallel with the axis of the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm of the bell crank lever, a link connecting the other arm of the bell crank lever and the finishing member, and an additional link pivoted to another part of said finishing member and to the head structure, and yielding means tending normally to urge said weight toward the axis of the rotor.

14. In a rotary finishing head for finishing generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, a finishing member mounted on said head structure for inward and outward movement thereon, and supporting and positioning means for said finishing member including a bell crank lever pivoted to the head structure for rotation about an axis parallel with the axis of the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm f the bell crank lever, a link connecting the other arm of the bell crank lever and the finishing member, and an additional link pivoted to another part of said finishing member and to the head structure, said Weight being adjustable along said arm to the bell crank lever toward and away from the pivot of said lever.

15. In a rotary finishing head for finshing generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a shaft and means for rotating it, a head structure extending outwardly from and rotatable with said shaft, a finishing member mounted on said head structure for inward and outward movement thereon, and supporting and positioning means for said finishing member including a bell crank lever pivoted to the head structure for rotation about an axis parallel with the axis of the head structure, a weight mounted on one arm of the bell crank lever, a link connecting the other arm of the bell crank lever and the finishing member, and an additional link pivoted to another part of said finishing member and to the head structure, said finishing member including a generally segmental ohannel having undercut, side portions and a generally segmental abrasive body located in said channel and having side portions interpenetrating with said undercut side portions, said channel having a closed end and an open end through which said abrasive body is insertable, and means for retaining said abrasive body in said channel.

16. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a hollow shaft and means for rotating it, a rotor structure extending outwardly from such shaft, a working shoe movably mounted on said rotor structure, means for guiding said shoe for centrifugal movement toward the work, a work engaging element removably mounted on said shoe and means for delivering a cooling fluid toward the work, adjacent the area of contact between the work and the shoe including a delivery duct, rotating with said rotor and in communication with the interior of the hollow shaft and extending outwardly therefrom, said duct having a discharge outlet located adjacent said shoe.

17. In a rotary finishing head for grinding generally cylindrical interior surfaces, a hollow shaft and means for rotating it, a rotor structure extending outwardly from such shaft, a working shoe movably mounted on said rotor structure,'

means for guiding said shoe for centrifugal movement toward the work, a work engaging element removably mounted on said shoe and means for delivering a cooling fluid toward the work, adjacent the area of contact between the work and the shoe including a, delivery duct, rotating with said rotor and in communication with the interior of the hollow shaft and extending outwardly therefrom, said duct having a discharge outlet located adjacent said shoe, the guiding means for said shoe being adapted to guide it generally radially outwardly toward the work.

HENRY H. TALBOYS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

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